Tuesday, December 31, 2019

What Is Teamwork - 1665 Words

What is Teamwork? Teamwork is defined in Websters New World Dictionary as a joint action by a group of people, in which each person subordinates his or her individual interests and opinions to the unity and efficiency of the group. This does not mean that the individual is no longer important; however, it does mean that effective and efficient teamwork goes beyond individual accomplishments. The most effective teamwork is produced when all the individuals involved harmonize their contributions and work towards a common goal. Why Should Teachers be Interested in Teamwork? Teamwork has become an important part of the working culture and many businesses now look at teamwork skills when evaluating a person for employment. Most companies†¦show more content†¦| * Members participate equally in decision-making, but each member understands that the leader might need to make the final decision if the team can not come to a consensus agreement. | Characteristics of Effective Teams. The following are eight characteristics of effective teams the were identified by Larson and LaFasto in their book titled Teamwork: What Must Go Right/What Can Go Wrong (Sage Publications 1989). 1. The team must have a clear goal. Avoid fuzzy, motherhood statements. Team goals should call for a specific performance objective, expressed so concisely that everyone knows when the objective has been met. 2. The team must have a results-driven structure. The team should be allowed to operate in a manner that produces results. It is often best to allow the team to develop the structure. 3. The team must have competent team members. In the education setting this can be take to mean that the problem given to the team should be one that the members can tackle given their level of knowledge. 4. The team must have unified commitment. This doesnt mean that team members must agree on everything. It means that all individuals must be directing their efforts towards the goal. If an individuals effo rts is going purely towards personal goals, then the team will confront this and resolve the problem. 5. The team must have a collaborative climate. It is a climate of trust produced by honest, open, consistentShow MoreRelatedThe Five Stages Of Team Development800 Words   |  4 Pagesconsuming, but if done well the result would be extremely rewarding, it is called teamwork. Insert teamwork definition Why is teamwork essential? Five Stages of Team Development In 1965, a professor of psychology at the Ohio State University, Bruce Tuckman propose the five stages of group development (Andersen Bolt, 2011, p. 161). Tuckman strongly suggest the norm order for team to grow as one coordinated group. Teamwork plays a fundamental role in providing a high quality service and achieving accomplishmentsRead MoreSummary Of The NovelThe Capture By Kathryn Lasky904 Words   |  4 Pageswill keep the whole book, for example,†Didn’t your parents tell you about the dangers of sleeping under a full shine,† â€Å"Whats a full shine,† Soren asked.(Lasky 44) The Author shows when they meet and get to know each other. The later shows how they use teamwork to complete a task. In the book the theme is†In order to complete a goal you need teamwork†. Flying needs a lot of teamwork to make it happen, Gylfie and Soren show it when trying to learn it. Soren and Gylfie make a great team, this is becauseRead MoreChapter1-Introduction. Existing Studies Focus On The Impact1030 Words   |  5 PagesChapter1-Introduction Existing studies focus on the impact of teamwork and productivity on implementing, quality improvement. For example developing a culture within the work place where teamwork is a vital necessity can significantly improve performance, effectiveness, efficiency, morale, job satisfaction, unity of purpose, communications, innovative thinking, quality, speed in getting things done, and loyalty to an organization (Warrick, 2014). In corporate America, superiority and personal recognitionRead MoreTeamwork : A Concept Analysis1684 Words   |  7 PagesTeamwork: A Concept Analysis A major concept that we have learned about in our nursing 182 class is Teamwork. In this concept analysis we will see the conceptualization of teamwork, and critical attributes, related concepts and various cases, and illegitimate uses of team work. Teamwork is essential in the nursing field and this analysis will show just how important it is. Concept Selection I chose the topic of teamwork because, teamwork is an essential part of our nursing careers. We will continuallyRead MoreTeamwork in Health Care1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Teamwork in Health Care The Importance of Teamwork in Health Care From an early age we are instilled the importance of teamwork. The lessons may come from a soccer field, a classroom group project, or even a song on Sesame Street. Regardless of our future careers, we are all likely to experience some sort of teamwork requirement, even if it is as simple as getting along with your co-workers. Teams working in a hospital or other healthcare setting may consist of severalRead More The Essence of Teamwork Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Essence of Teamwork â€Å"Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their hard work. For if one of them should fall, the other one can raise his partner up. But how will it be with just the one who falls when there is not another to raise him up?† – Ecclesiastes 4:9, 10 As the scriptural text quoted above implies, teamwork can accomplish what the individual cannot do on his or her own. Teamwork is defined as â€Å"a small number of people with complementary skills who are committedRead MoreOrganization, Planning And Staffing Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional life. ï  ¶ Concept-1 ‘Teamwork’. This concept is taken from â€Å" ORGANIZATION,PLANNING STAFFING† module no.5 entitled as ‘organizational behaviour’. In today’s healthcare market, the practice of teamwork has gained in popularity.This is especially true for professional nurses. When nurses function as part of a unit, and when they act as part of a team, the job itself is easier and more efficient. Moreover, overall patient care is enhanced . In nursing, when teamwork is emphasized and valued Read MoreThe Importance Of Teamwork With Care Coordination Across The Continuum1583 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept analysis I chose is the teamwork concept. The purpose of this concept analysis of teamwork is to provide an understanding on the importance of teamwork with care coordination across the continuum. Teamwork After review of the literature using journal reviews, search engines, google, bing, cinahl, sage, medline and book reviews, with keywords of teamwork, team, coordination, and collaboration, I found numerous amount of literature regarding the concept of teamwork. This not only included healthcareRead MoreTeamwork Report862 Words   |  4 PagesEffectiveness Starbucks Corporation: Case Study in Teamwork Name: Jessie (Luyan) Wang âž ¢ Introduction This report is a case study of Starbucks’ teamwork practices. In the first stage, the overview background of Starbucks will be introduced. Secondly, the viewpoints of Starbucks and the strategies, which are used by the company to make their teamwork performance well, are going to discuss. Next, the effectiveness of Starbucks teamwork strategy will be point out. In the end, there is aRead MoreImportance of Teamwork in the Kitchen Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Teamwork In the Kitchen Teamwork in the kitchen is a basic requirement as it is the main key of successful performance for anyone who is, going to or will join this most important department of hospitality. The purpose of this essay is to explain the concept of teamwork and how it applies to kitchen environment. Also, examples of personal experience of teamwork in class are provided to illustrate its effectiveness as a way to achieve common goals. Dwyer (2013, p. 224)

Monday, December 23, 2019

The Christian Influence Of Australia - 1058 Words

Australia, as a secular nation, declares freedom for all citizens in its constitution. However, it appears for influence of Christianity is still prevalent in its political agenda. This Christian influence comes from Australia’s settlement in 1788. The underlying Christian influence affects the political agenda in many ways: 2 of which are marriage equality, and inequality for same-sex couples in adoption and surrogacy laws. Australia’s history has many Christian roots and aspects weaved into it. This is evident even in today’s society, despite the constitutions declaration that prevents the Commonwealth from establishing any religion. In 1788 the convicts came on the first fleet and with it comes many Christians from the British Isles. This included many sub-branches of Anglicans, Catholics, Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists, and Baptists. In the 18th and 19th centuries hundreds of Irish Catholics were transported to Australia. In 1800 an Irish Priest arrived in Australia and the Governor King decided that the Catholics could celebrate mass after years of not being able to hold mass. The first recorded mass was in 1803. Later in 1804, worship was banned because Marsden believed Catholics planned rebellions in Mass, as a consequence of harsh conditions, the Catholics rebelled. Up until the 1820s the Catholic Church had few rights and buildings left in Australia. Two Catholic pri ests arrived in 1820 and were allowed to minister to Catholics. In 1829 the EnglishShow MoreRelatedThe practises, beliefs and values of Christianity and Islam have an impact on Australia society;1600 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact on Australia society; however, the media exploits the perceived tension between the two groups which has led to discrimination and violence. Over many years the way of which an individual lives their life has been shown to be affected by the religion of which they follow. This affects the way of life throughout the community surrounding these people, as well as having an impact on the social issues throughout this particular community. Christianity has a huge impact throughout Australia, thisRead MoreAnglican Adherence From 1947 to 20111696 Words   |  7 PagesHow has Anglican adherence changed from 1947 to 2011? Anglican adherence has seen a dramatic decrease from 39% in 1947 to 17.1% in 2011. Which Christian denomination had the highest percentage of adherents in 2011? In the 2011 Religious Affiliation in Australia census data, ‘Catholic’ recorded the highest percentage of adherents, at 25.3%. The 1971 Census included the option of describing yourself as having ‘no religion’ if this applied to you. Why and how has this category changed since 1947?Read MoreThe Influence Of Ecumenical Movements And Interfaith Dialogue1585 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance as they have had a significant contribution towards harmony, acceptance and unity between Christian sects, world religions and society in general. The establishment of both religious movements was due to the viciousness of the Second World War and the distress, which was present in humanity at the time. The two religious initiatives hold great value due to the effect they had on Australia post-World War II; they aim and work towards increasing peace, cooperation, dialogue and mutual understandingRead MoreImportance Of Christian Ecumenical Movements And Interfaith Dialogue1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of Christian ecumenical movements and interfaith dialogue in Australia post World War II is of great significance to the broader Australian society. It plays a great role in uniting and celebrating the differences and recognising the similarities of the religions, as well as appreciating the uniqueness of the various religions. Ecumenism and interfaith dialogue have been an important feature due to a range of reasons including the abolishment of the White Australia Policy, the arrivalRead MoreIs Language Influenced by Culture?1236 Words   |  5 Pagesambiguous that Glossophilia could have elaborated more about that by raising examples. After some research, it is found that, according to Hawkes’ (2003) speech at the Outback Summit of the 15th National Conference of the Environment Institute of Australia and New Zealand, physical environment, comprising of climate, topography and natural resources, prodigiously determines the cultural arrangements of a society. This view could be justified by two prestigious examples, naming Indus Valley CivilizationRead MoreAustrali The Sm allest Continent Between The Indian And Pacific Ocean And Is A Nation Of Many Contrasts1376 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia is the smallest continent between the Indian and Pacific Ocean and is a nation of many contrasts. For instance, mainland Australia is not only the largest island but it also is the smallest and flattest continent on the planet. Australia’s capital is Canberra. Despite the fact that Canberra is the capital, other cities like Sydney, which is the largest city in the country, have more influence both locally and internationally. â€Å"Australia was once a British colony and after its discoveryRead MoreThe Islamic Dress Standards For Women Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagesis also shaped by external influences and there are negative views from others within Australia on Muslim dress, then it will impact on how they act and/or behave in public and in turn impacting on how they view themself. The Australian public’ view of the Islamic dress is negatively affecting the identity of Muslim women. Good Morning – today’s presentation is about the impact of wearing the Hijab Burka (Islamic dress) on the identity a Muslim women living in Australia. Show Clip and then SlideRead MoreBuddhism Vs Christianity Essay example1051 Words   |  5 Pagesasceticism and luxury, a middle path p.92 In the Christian faith, when one dies, after roaming the earth for 40 days he ascends into heaven were he will be judged by the Holy Father. If a person seeks eternal damnation they are sent to hell and if they want to be saved and to live for eternity in Heaven with God, they must atone for their sins by waiting in purgatory after which time they will be granted access to Heaven. Faithful following of the Christian religion is the short cut to Heaven since JesusRead MoreFilm Analysis : Movie, Film, And Films1706 Words   |  7 Pagescreates and promotes cultures. Why It Is Important From time to time, this medium has been misused by a large number of people in the industry, to sell propagandas and deceitful agendas. Hollywood gives influences the whole world and set a certain paradigm of thought to the world. A very few Christian film professionals contribute an impact in society, while secular film professionals are racing to produce â€Å"high quality† productions. They overpower and conquer the technology and creativity in filmmaking;Read MoreAbortion Is A Or Medical Removal Of An Embryo1659 Words   |  7 Pagesabortion has been the subject of debate for several decades. Religions in Australia have influenced attitudes and laws with regards to this issue in the past. Are the attitudes and involvement of Australian religions in the abortion debate still relevant and do they make a difference? Abortion is a surgical or medical removal of an embryo or a fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy (Dictionary, 2016). Abortion in Australia has always been regulated by state law. However, previously before the

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Siva Free Essays

As an MBA student you need to study Managerial Economics which is concerned with decisionmaking by managers. As you all are aware that the main Job of managers is decision making only. Before making a decision one has to take into accounts so many things. We will write a custom essay sample on Siva or any similar topic only for you Order Now And here comes theimportance of managerial economics. Meaning of Economics: Economics can be called as social science dealing with economics problem and man’s economic behavior. It deals with economic behavior of man in society in respect of consumption, production;distribution etc. conomics can be called as an unending science. There are almost as many definitions of economy as there are economists. We know that definition of subject is to be expected but at this stage it is more useful to set out few examples of the sort of issueswhich concerns professional economists. Example: For e. g. most of us want to lead an exciting life i. e. life full of excitements, adventures etc. butunluckily we do not always have the resources necessary to do everything we want to do. Thereforechoices have to be made or in the words of economists individuals have to decide—–â€Å"how toallocate scarce resources in the most effective ways†. For this a body of economic principles and concepts has been developed to explain how people andalso business react in this situation. Economics provide optimum utilization of scarce resources to achieve the desired result. It providesthe basis for decision making. Economics can be studied under two heads:l) Micro Economics2) Macro EconomicsMicro Economics: It has been defined as that branch where the unit of study is an individual, firm or household. Itstudies how individual ake their choices about what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce, and what price to charge. It is also known as the price theory is the main source of conceptsand analytical tools for managerial decision making. Various micro-economic concepts such as demand, supply, elasticity of demand and supply, marginalcost, various market forms, etc. are of great significance to managerial economics. 1 Macro Economics: It’s not only individuals and forms who are faced with having to make choices. Governments facemany such problems. For e. g. How much to spend on healthHow uch to spend on servicesHow much should go in to providing social security benefits. This is the same type of problem facing all of us in our daily lives but in different scales. lt studies the economics as a whole. It is aggregative in character and takes the entire economic as aunit of study. Macro economics helps in the area of forecasting. It includes National Income,aggregate consumption, investments, employment etc. Meaning of managerial economics: It is another branch in the science of economics. Sometimes it is interchangeably used with businesseconomics. Managerial economic is concerned with decision making at the level of firm. It has beendescribed as an economics applied to decision economic theory and managerial practices. lt is defined as application of economic theory and methodology to decision making process by themanagement of the business firms. In it economic theories and concepts are used to solve practical business problem. It lies on the borderline of economic and management. It helps in decision makingunder uncertainty and improves effectiveness of the organization. The basic purpose of managerial economic is to show how economic nalysis can be used informulating business plans. Definitions of managerial economics: In the words of Mc Nair and Merriam,† Managerial Economics consists of use of economic modes of thought to analyze business situation†. According to Spencer and Seigelman†Ã¢â‚¬ it is defined as the integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating decision making and forward planning by themanagement†. Economic provides optimum utilization of scarce resource to achieve the desired result. How to cite Siva, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Midwifery Practice Would After Discussed †Myassignmenrthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Midwifery Practice Would Be After That Discussed? Answer: Introducation Nursing students need to be aware of the complex nature of human relationships and the corresponding life transitins for applying the relevant concepts into the nursing practice. This approach is beneficial for understanding human development and developing a sense of self that infleucnes the healthcare delivery of the nurses (Black, 2016). The present essay would be based on the provided case study to address the significant aspects of social and cognitive development occurring in children between the ages of two and five years and the factors influencing the development. The essay would refer to the work of the renowned theorist Jean Piaget, the cognitive development theory, and the work of Erik Erikson, the social development theory. The relevance of understanding this life stage to nurse and midwifery practice would be after that discussed. The theory of cognitive development outlined by the developmental psychologist Piaget is the comprehensive theory explaining the developmental nature of human intelligence. The theory aims to impart explanations on the nature of knowledge and how humans come to acquire it and utilise it. It is primarily a development stage theory (Mischel, 2013). According to the cognitive development theory of Piaget, the Preoperational Stage is the period between the age of 2 to seven years on a child when one learns to showcase the skils of cognitive development in that they become more mature and identify things symbolically. As per this theory, a child at this stage develops the memory as well as his imagination that heps the child to identify and understand the distinct differences between future and past. Engaging in make-belief action is a key feature of this stage. However, the thinking in such case is not logical, and they are yet to understand complex concepts like comparison and time (Bar rouillet, 2015). Bjorklund and Causey (2017) highlight that the basis of language development might be laid at the previous stage but is important that the emergence of language is a key hallmark at this stage. A child might become egocentric and struggle to perceive the perspectives of others. In the present case, it has bene found that Jack is able to speak only one-to-two word sentences and have been babbling most of the time. It is evident hat the language development is therefore not up-to-the mark. Jack has not been able to achieve the desirable milestone marked by the capability of utilising images and ideas and language improvement. The child might have become egocentric at this stage as he is found to focus on himself, indicted by constant babbling. It is clear that Jack does not consider what the impacts of his actions would be to others. According to the social development theory of Erikson, the stage of development in early childhood, age 2-4 years, is marked by virtue of will. The psychosocial crisis arising at this stage is autonomy versus shame and doubt. As a child is able to gain control over the motor abilities and eliminative functions, they tend to explore the surroundings. It is to be noted that the parents are still in the position to provide a strong foundation of security that enables the child to venture out for the assertion of his will (Feldman, 2016). The encouragement and patience that the child gains from the parents are essential for the fostering of the autonomy of the child. Children at this stage are willing to explore the world as they tend to learn from them in a constant manner. It is imperative that caution is taking while the child is exploring the environment as there are issues arising pertaining to safety and health (Newman Newman, 2017). Erikson outlined the psychological development theory that identified eight distinct stages through which an individual pass throughout the lifespan. At each stage, the individual is to confront and master new challenges. Every step builds upon the completion of the earlier stage, and outcome of one particular stage might not be permanent. It is to be mentioned that an individual at every stage has to face the crisis due to two conflicting forces (Bremner, 2017). In the present case, it has been found that Jack, a three-year-old child needs to attend day care for two days for about five hours as his mother is away for work purpose. His mother Vanessa is concerned about his toileting habit since he has not made much development in this area, unlike other children who have mastered the skill at the same age. It is to be brought in the limelight in this regard that Jack has not been able to showcase social development pertaining to toileting skills due to the absence of assertion of his will from his mother. Since Jacks mother is less available for him, the strong base of support is missing in this case that can encourage his toileting skills. In addition, the caregiver might not have been successful in encouraging self-sufficient behaviour that would have helped Jack to progress with his toileting skills. A delicate balance is needed from the side of the parent as tey must not try to deter from encouraging the child to enhance his autonomy. Sin ce Jack receives less support from his mother, he is not able to become more confident and encouraged to show skills of independent toileting. In addition, if the child is being mistreated at the care unit, s sense of threat might have been instilled within him, restricting him to develop his toileting skills (Newman Newman, 2017). Since the first person to teach about trust is the parent, it is expected that Vanessa takes good care of Jack and makes him feel secured. Sigelman and Rider (2014) bring into focus the relationships in human development as applied to cognitive, physical and socio-emotional development. As per the authors, cognitive development has been found to vastly impact socio-emotional development since the ability of a child to think rationally influences his ability to understand emotions. It also impacts the ability of the person to understand himself. The development of the brain, which is physical development, plays a primitive role in the changes in mental abilities, that is cognitive or intellectual development such as language skills and memory. These allow a child to showcase better social adjustment, which is social development. In the present case, Jack has been found to demonstrate poor cognitive skills, making a negative impact on the social skills of toileting, that is the inability to achieve self-toileting skills. Understanding of the life stage of a child between 2-5 years is crucial for a nurse to deliver optima quality care. Since nurses are directly accountable for assuring the proper development of child being cared for, an adequate understanding of the life stage is imperative. With sufficient knowledge of the applicability of theories of child development, a nurse can plan a holistic care plan for each child on an individualistic basis. Activities considered by the nurse to promote care of the child would be helpful in attaining the milestones if the nurse abides by the principles of the life stages (Black, 2016). From the above essay, it can be concluded that nurses play a crucial role in addressing the challenges coming up while caring for a child at different life transitional points. These issues might be cognitive, sociocultural or physical. Different theories of human development exist that guide the course of action of a nurse. Understanding the relationship between these concepts is beneficial in outlining a successful care plan for the child. References Barrouillet, P. (2015). Theories of cognitive development: From Piaget to today. Bjorklund, D. F., Causey, K. B. (2017).Children's thinking: Cognitive development and individual differences. SAGE Publications. Black, B. (2016).Professional Nursing-E-Book: Concepts Challenges. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bremner, J. G. (2017).An introduction to developmental psychology. John Wiley Sons. Feldman, R. S. (2016).Development across the life span. Pearson. Mischel, T. (Ed.). (2013).Cognitive development and epistemology. Academic Press. Newman, B. M., Newman, P. R. (2017).Development through life: A psychosocial approach. Cengage Learning. Sigelman, C. K., Rider, E. A. (2014).Life-span human development. Cengage Learning.

Friday, November 29, 2019

On your knees do not get up Review Essay Example

On your knees do not get up Review Paper Essay on On your knees do not get up The privilege of hatred » A small booklet, published in paperback by the publishing house of political literature in 1992, a circulation of 15 thousand., Was designed as modestly noted in his review, to those who are interested in the political history of our country. The phrase political history extraordinarily accurate. In fact, Substantiality definition policy this is exactly the social activity, which is no other than the class relations of the company It is clear that neither the history of class relations, nor their study can not be. indifferent by this relationship, but this is only one side. On the other can tell a lot for those interested in their content. The emergence of this literature the phenomenon is always extraordinary unique and rare, worthy of attention, effort, apparently, as an exception only in the most critical periods of changing forms of political domination in the country, and more specifically, changing forms of Russian politarizma in 1991-1993, (what politarizm see review.) We will write a custom essay sample on On your knees do not get up Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on On your knees do not get up Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on On your knees do not get up Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, the content of the class relations in general and relations politarnyh, in particular, is almost never the exception of periods of revolutionary upheaval is not on the surface.. Moreover, carefully hidden ideological attendants power because, as you know, is always oppressing classes need to safeguard their rule of two social functions: the function of the hangman and the function priest (VI Lenin, Collected Works Full T .26. p.237). In addition to several articles of political biography MN Ryutin, the book was first published two stunning revelations of their document: 1) Stalin and the crisis of the proletarian dictatorship the so-called Ryutin platform (see here.); 2) All members of the CPSU (b) a manifesto Union Conference Union of Marxist-Leninists » Their author Martemyan Ryutin. . Both documents are vivid descriptions and denunciations politarnyh reality of class relations of the Russian society caught in the late 20s and early 30-ies. Fever nomination IV Stalins unlimited, uncontrolled power, and to the dealership just formed party-bureaucratic hierarchy a huge (several hundred thousand) is already on the scale of the party nomenklatura system (Class politaristov in the modern theory):  «lies and slander, shootings and arrests, guns and machine guns, in all ways and means they will defend their dominance in the party and the country, because they see them as their patrimony  », clearly stated in the second of these documents  «Politburo, the Presidium of the Central Control Commission, secretaries regional committees as a result of the changes in the life of the party and the 18 Brumaire Stalin turned into a gang of unscrupulous, have become a hopeless liar and cowardly politicians, and Stalin in an unlimited and irremovable dictator exhibiting ten times more blunt arbitrariness, tyranny and violence against the masses than any autocratic monarchy. Stalin and his clique did not go away and can not voluntarily withdraw from their seats, so they must be eliminated by force (ibid). August 21, 1932 in the village of Golovino under Moscow held a meeting of a small group of like-minded, having heard the report of the MN Ryutin Party crisis and the proletarian dictatorship. After discussion, the report was laid in the foundation of the platform adopted by the organization, by a suggestion Ryutin was decided to name Union of Marxist-Leninists. Many of those present were of a like-minded group, whose views are represented at this meeting conference. The text of the appeal to all members of the party met then the majority of the teachers of the Institute of Red Professors (AN Slepkov, DP Marecki, YE Stan, PG Petrovsky, and others.) And former leaders of the united opposition. Circle familiar with the document on a read refer a friend increased rapidly September 22 Rutin was arrested.. In the case of the organization was held about 50 people. Almost all have been expelled from the party. Ryutin fate was decided at the meeting of the Politburo, where the Secretary General demanded the execution of the authors platform Union of Marxist-Leninists. But in 1932, members of the Politburo the party oligarchs not allowed Stalin to make a political punishment and the death penalty against Honored the party at that time still was not used. However, later, the murder of SM Kirov Stalin unleashed his hands and allowed to take the course at the physical destruction of the Leninist Party Guard. Stalin personally met with convicts, the promise of life in exchange for pleading guilty and after the confession followed the death sentence and the bloody tragedy. No similar transactions with Rutin, protesting against the very methods of investigation (even resorted to a 20 day hunger strike!), Concluded it was not possible. Its preparation for sho w trials was thwarted. 10th January 1938 held a closed trial, which lasted 40 minutes and a half hour Martemyan Nikitich was shot Civil pathos Riutin platform -. A comprehensive denunciation of Stalin and his politics, as politicians leading the country to an economic and political disaster . Here are just some of the many Riutin denunciation of Stalins despotism:  «Lenin was the leader, but he was not a dictator; Stalin, on the contrary, is a dictator, but not a leader. Stalin never was a real, authentic leader  »  « unprincipled politician and the sophist, cook dirty cooking with regard to the conditions of the Soviet Union -. This is a moral and political complexion of Stalin  »  «! agriculture is experiencing a catastrophe. phony Potemkin successes of collectivization were achieved due to the incredible terror against the bulk of the village, that there was a wave of unprecedented peasant revolts of the middle peasant, poor peasant masses, rebellions which in many cases involved members of the party and Komsomol, uprisings, which sometimes led members party since 1918, and in one case even a district commissioner OGPU. Only major uprisings with thousands of participants each during this period of the Soviet Union was more than 500 and smaller and even more  ».  « there are 400-500 thousand. Unemployed in the latent form of the Soviet Union (Stalin is fraudulent way and hide will hide, because hes unemployment eliminated). Over the next 1-2 years, unemployment will cover at least 2-2.5 million. Workers.  »  « Socialist construction, Stalin turned to the construction of the pharaoh. Building on the bones of the workers and working on poverty, on the robbery of the masses and violence against them not a genuine socialist construction  »  « Stalin proletarian dictatorship and socialist construction, according to their actual content, to a great extent already. destroyed.  »  « Genuine Leninism is now moved into hiding, is forbidden teachings  ».  « Construction of Pharaoh and was building politarnogo, or rather, industro- or otherwise neopolitarnogo society in Russia. Deep theoretical pathos platform the prophecy come true collapse of the proletarian dictatorship of the state and the transfer of power into the hands of unscrupulous officials, appointees, soldered relations of personal loyalty despot-politarhu. And even historic importance historiosophical Riutin documents is that they open up for us the most important historical metaphor: the first in the organized political struggle with neopolitarizmom stood his real political antipodes the revolutionary Marxists, Leninists. Those who for decades our agitprop carefully showered lies and slander, those who have used and enjoyed by the powers that be and indulge them subservient to ideological sole exclusive right and without hypocrisy, the privilege of hatred (MA Lifshitz)

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on Berlin Blockade

Berlin Blockade The blockade of Berlin was the first serious crisis of the Cold War. By 1948, the Western allies began moving towards consolidating their occupation zones in Western Germany into a single independent German state. As part of that process, the U.S., France and Britain took steps to reform the currency in the parts of Germany they occupied, in order to promote economic recovery. The new currency, over which the Soviets would have no control, was also to become legal tender in the Western sectors of Berlin. The USSR, which had been invaded twice by Germany, was alarmed at the prospect of a strong Germany. The Soviet leadership responded to the Western allies' currency reforms by installing their own new currency in East Berlin just 24 hours before the West mark was to go into circulation. They also imposed a blockade on West Berlin, cutting off all land and rail routes into the Western sectors. Lucius Clay, the military governor of the American zone of occupied Germany wrote: "When the order of the Soviet Military Administration to close all rail traffic from the western zones went into effect at 6:00AM on the morning of June 24, 1948, the three western sectors of Berlin, with a civilian population of about 2,500,000 people, became dependent on reserve stocks and airlift replacements. It was one of the most ruthless efforts in modern times to use mass starvation for political coercion... " Initially the Soviet authorities thought the plan was working. "Our control and restrictive measures have dealt a strong blow at the prestige of the Americans and British in Germany. " The Soviet authorities reported. But the Western Allies responded immediately by mounting a tremendous airlift. Under the leadership of General Curtis LeMay, ten-ton capacity C-54s began supplying the city on July 1. By the fall the airlift, code-named "Operation Vittles "and often referred to as "LeMay's feed and coal company ," was bringing... Free Essays on Berlin Blockade Free Essays on Berlin Blockade Berlin Blockade The blockade of Berlin was the first serious crisis of the Cold War. By 1948, the Western allies began moving towards consolidating their occupation zones in Western Germany into a single independent German state. As part of that process, the U.S., France and Britain took steps to reform the currency in the parts of Germany they occupied, in order to promote economic recovery. The new currency, over which the Soviets would have no control, was also to become legal tender in the Western sectors of Berlin. The USSR, which had been invaded twice by Germany, was alarmed at the prospect of a strong Germany. The Soviet leadership responded to the Western allies' currency reforms by installing their own new currency in East Berlin just 24 hours before the West mark was to go into circulation. They also imposed a blockade on West Berlin, cutting off all land and rail routes into the Western sectors. Lucius Clay, the military governor of the American zone of occupied Germany wrote: "When the order of the Soviet Military Administration to close all rail traffic from the western zones went into effect at 6:00AM on the morning of June 24, 1948, the three western sectors of Berlin, with a civilian population of about 2,500,000 people, became dependent on reserve stocks and airlift replacements. It was one of the most ruthless efforts in modern times to use mass starvation for political coercion... " Initially the Soviet authorities thought the plan was working. "Our control and restrictive measures have dealt a strong blow at the prestige of the Americans and British in Germany. " The Soviet authorities reported. But the Western Allies responded immediately by mounting a tremendous airlift. Under the leadership of General Curtis LeMay, ten-ton capacity C-54s began supplying the city on July 1. By the fall the airlift, code-named "Operation Vittles "and often referred to as "LeMay's feed and coal company ," was bringing...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Book report on The Hobbit

Book report on The Hobbit This book revolves around Bilbo Baggins, who makes goes on an adventure. He is a hobbit and therefore this book’s title is The Hobbit. Themes 1. Bilbo’s development in a hero by doing a quest. 2. The greed of the dwarves who make such a long journey for their treasure and Smaug who doesn’t share anything. 3. Power, used by Gandalf and other creatures in this story. Bilbo’s inner power that develops during the story. Description of characters Bilbo He’s the hero of the story. But at first he has this quiet non-adventurous life at The Hill. He likes to stay at home. Then Gandalf comes up and convinces him to go on an adventure. Because of this adventure he sees how much strength he’s got inside of him. When he comes back to his home he turns into a more eccentric person, though he still likes comfort. Thorin He’s the leader of the dwarves. He’s very brave and intelligent. He’s proud too and he wants his family’s tre asure back and he’s willing to do everything for it. He has a great desire for it. Sometimes he’s a bit stubborn. Gandalf He’s a wise and old wizard. Gandalf is on the good side. He knows a lot and especially about magic, he has great powers that no other person has. When people need him, he shows up immediately. He’s that person that knows more than any other people, he knows how things will be, how people will react. Smaug The evil dragon that took the treasure of Thorin’s family and now guards it in the Lonely Mountain, this is his only purpose. He can speak, and he tends to do this in a very bitter tone. With his flaming breath he can destroy cities. He’s got a hide which is impenetrable. There’s nothing good about him, therefore no-one cares about him. Summary Once there lived a hobbit, called Bilbo Baggins. Hobbits are small creatures, half the size of a man. He likes comfort and he’s not very into adventures. But then Ga ndalf the wizard shows up at his house and he wants him to go on an adventure, Bilbo doesn’t want to go. Though he asks him for tea the next day. But the next day, one after another, thirteen dwarves – their leader is Thorin – come to his house. Bilbo provides food and drinks for them and then Gandalf shows up with a map with a secret door on it. Bilbo is convinced and so this party goes on an adventure. They want to capture Thorin’s treasure, taken away by Smaug the dragon. They leave and then suddenly three trolls capture Bilbo and the dwarves, Gandalf stays out their hands. He makes them stay outside so they turn into stone. They find weapons which they take. After that they rest at the place of lord Elrond in Rivendell where they get some advice on the map. They go to the Misty Mountains and then a snow storm makes hem go into the caves where they get prisoned by some goblins. Gandalf saves the dwarves but he forgets to take Bilbo out of there. Bilbo finds a golden ring, which he takes with him. Suddenly he meets Gollum, a creature that lives there. Gollum wants to eat Bilbo and makes him solve some riddles. If he wins he can go, if he loses Gollum can eat him. Bilbo wins but Gollum still wants to eat him and searches for the ring, Bilbo has got it though and uses it to get away from the cave. He gets back to the group and then they are being pursued by the goblins and Wargs, creatures that look like wolves. Luckily Beorn and some eagles bring them to a safer place, Beorn’s house. Then the group enters Mirkwood’s forest. Gandalf has something more important to do at this moment and leaves them. In the wood spiders capture the dwarves in their webs. Bilbo saves them by killing some spiders with his sword and magical ring. Then they are captured by wood elves. Bilbo again saves the dwarves, he hides them in wine barrels using his ring. The barrels go to Lake Town, a town near the Lonely Mountain where Smaug protects Thorin’s treasure. With help of people in Lake Town they go to the Mountain. By looking on the map with the hidden door they manage to go into the Mountain carefully and Bilbo talks to the dragon. Smaug reveals by accidence that he’s got a weak spot near his heart. Bilbo steals a golden cup and Smaug gets very angry. The dragon wants to destroy Lake Town, but the archer Bard kills him by shooting an arrow in his heart. However, the town was burned to the ground. Its residents go to the Lonely Mountain to get their hands on a piece of the treasure. Thorin doesn’t want to share his treasure so the humans and elves trap Bilbo and the dwarves inside. Bilbo gets out of the mountain, because he wants to find solution for bringing peace. Thorin wants revenge on Bilbo, but Gandalf manages to save him just in time. Then an army of Goblins and Wargs comes to the Mountain. The elves, humans and dwarves have to make an alliance to fight the enemy. It seems like the goblins are winning but then Beorn and the eagles come to help the good army. After this battle Bilbo and Gandalf go back to The Hill, where Bilbo lives. Bilbo gets a fraction of the treasure. Many hobbits don’t accept him anymore, since hobbits were respectable and unadventurous creatures. Though he gets lots of respect of elves, dwarves and men now. Bilbo changed, he likes talking to elves and wizards now, though he still likes his home, because he likes the comfort of it.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Teaching and learning in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Teaching and learning in practice - Essay Example A teacher’s role of investigator in classroom makes him/her a life-long learner. Wright (1987) suggests a teacher must adopt this role to explore his teaching approach. Joyce, Calhoun, and Hopkins (1997) also agree with Wright that by adopting the role of investigator makes him/her a reflective practitioner. Taking into account this notion, I developed the lesson plan with an array of teaching strategies. My all students are young students of grade two. Further, I kept my options open to add, subtract, or alter any strategy in my teaching. To make this possible, I always try to reflect back upon each and every activity in my classroom. I not only try to take into account the students’ response during each activity, but also consider how the individuals are responding. Most importantly, I reflect back on my own role during the activities. This process of reflection helps me not only in adapting my strategies in a creative way, but also helps me in knowing about my own st rengths and weaknesses. Following is the account of such a detailed reflection. First of all I will present my Lesson plan and then my detailed analysis on the events in classroom Lesson Plan Subject: Medical Emergency Content: Cardiac Arrest Topic: AED Participants: 16 Objective of the Lesson: Students will be able to administer AED (Automated External Defibrillators) to manage an emergency patient of Cardiac Arrest. Teaching Methodology and Strategies: Individual Reading The students will be given an article on signs of Cardiac Arrest and AED intervention. After individual reading of the article they will form groups Group Discussion The participants will discuss the important points they have learnt during the individual reading. Presentation I will give a short presentation on the management of Cardiac Arrest through AED. I will use pictures and videos to illustrate my points. Demonstration Firstly, I will give a show a video demonstrating the use of AED. Students demonstration In pairs, students will demonstrate to administer of Defibrillator Summary: Randomly, students will retell the signs of Cardiac Arrest Each student will share one step involved in administration of AED management. Teaching Strategies: Discussion and Reflection I divided my classroom time in individual, pair, group and class work on one hand. Similarly, I distributed my teaching strategies into lecture/presentation, demonstration, reading, and group discussions. Many scholars have establish that incorporation of more than one strategies optimize learning and minimizes their threats (Reece and Walker 2000). Different strategies have different strengths. Swain, Monk, Johnson (1999) has also suggested the same kind of plan. Similarly, Joyce, Calhoun, and Hopkins (1997) said that a variety of learning experiences increases the learning rate. Thus, I used several different strategies in my classroom. Individual work involves more efforts and thinking, group work develop interpersonal skil ls, and pair work is more productive and time saving. It raises individual participation. During the lesson I exercised class work, pair work and group work. Further, as my task is to develop AED administration skills and knowledge, I will also reflect how the combination of different methods

Monday, November 18, 2019

Management Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Management - Article Example Techniques associated with training fall under two categories the first one being on-the-job method and lastly off-the-job method. On-the-job techniques include orientations, job rotation while the ones relating to off the job are lectures and conferences (Griffin, 395). Considering the fact that I am a new employee, orientation focusing on the mission, rules, regulations as well as a comprehensive outline of my responsibilities will enhance the performance of my present job. Coupled with the interactive nature of orientation is demonstration where the leader to whom I report to illustrates the use of both the tools and equipments necessary in the performance of my roles (Griffin, 401). Job rotation that involves changing duties is a training aspect that will grow my skill set in a series of tasks thereby improving on my efficiency and increasing my knowledge base. Moving on to the off-the-job training methods, lectures that integrate power point presentations enhance the understanding of important topics and provide an opportunity to ask questions that maybe instrumental in the practical environment (Griffin, 393). Conferences and discussions provide relevant information in an equal measure. In both, experienced experts are able to convey information on various ways of minimizing risks while performing duties effectively. This will go a long way in enabling me to solve challenges and meet the expectations of my job performance. The benefits of training in the job environment are substantial because training increase the morale of workers, reduces supervision and minimizes errors that may hamper smooth operations. Other than increasing efficiency, which translates to higher productivity, training offers an opportunity for career growth and

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Urban Story Essay Example for Free

The Urban Story Essay He had hacked into the United States police department asylum system to find out about Psycho. Koeb Arenas the III had just found out that Psycho, or in other words Bruce Flintstone Cornelius, was his childhood friend from Pittsburgh. The great detective knew what he had to do to stop Psycho and where to go. It was nearly 6 A. M in the morning and the mayor of Salt Lake City was about to open a innovative new sporting brand warehouse and they were about to sell sporting items for free hence a lot of people were gathered for this sales event. Detective Koeb was already in the warehouse because he was granted special access to assure that Psycho and his gang doesnt strike again. Wait a minute, do you hear that? detective Koeb asked one of the cashiers of the warehouse. Hear what? the cashier replied confused and unaware of what was about to happen. Constant beeping, where is it coming from? Koeb asked himself. Detective Koeb quickly ran around the warehouse telling everyone to evacuate the premises. He had a hunch that there was a bomb planted somewhere underneath the warehouse. All the workers ran out of the warehouse warning the mayor and his fellow city people of what Koeb had warned them about. People were hastily scurrying away like frightened maniacs from the warehouse out of fear and panic, having no idea what they were doing what was a propos to happen. The storehouse was cleared of any people inside but of course detective Koeb was waiting patiently for something to happen. The beeping stopped. The detective looked around the room with his shades. Show yourself, Psycho or should I say Flintstone?! the detective yelled. A few giggles from above were heard. Immediately it was silenced by a screeching sound. Five massive men dropped down from the metallic poles that hung from the ceiling of the depot. So you do remember me after all Mr. Koeb Arenas the III, dont you? questioned Psycho in an evil minded way. How could I forget, your deceitful and tainted uncle killed my family the detective sounded small and emotional. And Im here to make sure I finish the job as my uncle deserved the very right over your fathers treasury! shouted out Psycho in an overwhelmingly powerful strong and indomitable voice. Koeb Arenas had just closed his partially blind eyes and within snapping fingers second he opened them up again. Suddenly four of the other escaped prisoners started to move around Koeb. Everything is clear to me now. The people you killed, the warehouses you destroyed, the initials you left on the piece of paper, was all but to distract me so you could take the under route trek ships you stole from the docks and steal the underground hidden coffers beneath my mansion and to do so you cornered me down here to kill me, as I can see that you have a knife in your back pocket, consequently you could steal the coffers without anyone knowing and me out of your way, elaborated the zealously rational detective. The police siren was just sounded and heard nearby. And how exactly did you figure this out? asked Psycho rubbing his hands together as if he were excited. I call it flashback insight, after all I was always your cerebral superior, said detective Koeb winking at Psycho. Bravo! You are the smartest snake in this cruel and shallow jungle, dont worry me and my boys will get you next time, ol buddy ol pal, said the villain with a smile humorously. Wait, this game isnt over yet! cried the detective furiously pulling out his pistol ready to shoot. Unexpectedly white dust appeared out of the blue covering the five men behind as the detective tried to shoot at them. The detective coughed hoarsely and once the white dust unfurnished, Psycho and his gang had disappeared. Bye-Bye, sounded Psychos voice inside Koebs mind. Detective Koeb Arenas the III walked out of the warehouse and looked up into the sunrise in the beautiful skies of Salt Lake City. That feisty and vulgar jack will see what happens to him next time round, hah! I just had the last laugh, the unusual detective comically expressed his inner thoughts to kick off his new day. Signed, Koeb Arenas the IIIs Apprentice. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

To Falsify or not to Falsify :: Science Scientific Essays

To Falsify or not to Falsify Consider for a moment the views of Hellenic and Hellenistic science. Hellenic science was a science of the big picture. Science which often overlooked small details. Hellenistic science, on the other hand, was much more mathematical and precise. The shift from Hellenic to Hellenistic science was nothing more than a change of perspective in science. Right or wrong aside, scientist's perspectives changed and along with it what was allowed to be scientific. To quote Khun, "What is it that transforms an apparently temporary discrepancy into an inescapable conflict. How can an conceptual scheme that one generation admiringly describes as subtle, flexible, and complex, become for a later generation merely obscure, ambiguous, and cumbersome?"(Khun 76) Whether we like it or not, science is subjective. There are certain universal standards of science that all fields must follow, such as the empirical method, but among the different scientific fields science changes. What works in one field may not work in another. Sir Karl Popper claims "The criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability."(Popper23). He then states "Induction, i.e. inference based on many observations, is a myth" (Popper25). This produces problems for certain fields of science.. His theory accounts for the "hard sciences", chemistry, physics and astronomy, but not for the "soft sciences". These soft sciences deal with different set of limitations and problems. Many so called "pseudo-sciences" deal with people, not constant non-sentient bodies. In these sciences, the variables are limitless and the best predictions scientists can produce are probabilities. So what about other sciences such as psychology, sociology, meteorology, and medicine? There are numerous fields of science that deal with probability and correlation's, which are part of the inductive method of science. What's there to say to these fields? For these sciences induction must remain valid when deduction is not possible. In the "hard sciences", such as chemistry, physics, and astronomy, deduction is applicable to the validity of a theory, and therefore deduction can be used to accurately falsify a theory. The soft sciences require induction for theory verification as well as deduction. Since I am a psychology major, I will use psychology and sociology to refute Poppers claims of falsifiability. The examples that I give are done with the scientific method. When necessary, random samples are used and confounding variables are negated. These studies were done within scientific guidelines.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Criminal Justice Process Essay

Generally speaking, the concept of the legal system can often seem very complex, confusing, and intimidating. However, to assist in comprehending the system, the state of Kansas has defined a sequence of events in processing criminal cases where each action encompasses a specific function. Whether it is the police officer who investigates the crime, the prosecutor who must gather the facts for action, the defendant who must obtain a lawyer and prove their case, or the judge and jury who determine the fate of the offender; having a basic understanding of the law is imperative in protecting individual rights. Within this paper I will discuss the Kansas state criminal justice process and the multifaceted decisions that ensure justice is provided to all. Although the Kansas criminal law process is disclosed, it still may be difficult for an individual to navigate through the system alone. Therefore, once a person is taken into custody, he/she should immediately seek counsel to assist in the legal process. The first step in the criminal process is the investigation by law enforcement before an arrest is made. Moreover, an investigation of a said crime may be initiated in many ways. For instance, it could be as simple as an officer who witnesses a vehicle speeding or something that requires a more collective effort such as a 911 call from a bystander. An officer may speak to only one person or it may involve multiple witnesses being interviewed where evidence may be gathered over time. If an officer believes that there is enough evidence of a crime, he/she can try to obtain a search warrant. This process includes a judge who will review the information and approve/disapprove the warrant based on probable cause. Probable cause, as it applies to a search, is the facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe that evidence is in a particular place (Wright, 2013). After law enforcement has conducted their investigation, a criminal arrest will transpire. A person may or may not be aware that they will be taken into custody, but in either situation, it is important for that individual to obtain the representation of an experienced defense lawyer as soon as possible. An arrest is defined as a seizure of a person and/or deprivation of his/her personal liberty by a legal authority or under legal authority (Gale, 2002). In Kansas, an officer of the law may arrest a person for the following reasons: a warrant  commanding that person to be arrested; has probable cause to believe that a warrant for the person’s arrest has been issued in this state or in another jurisdiction for a felony committed therein; has probable cause to believe that the person is committing or has committed felony (KSA, 2009). No matter where or when an interrogation occurs, the person in custody (deprived of his or her freedom of action in any significant way), must be read their Miranda rights if the suspect’s answers are to be used as evidence at a trial (Merriam-Webster, 1996). A Miranda warning is not required if a person is not in police custody; however, anything the person says can still be used at trial if the person is later charged with a crime. This exception most often happens when the police stop someone on the street to question him/her about a recent crime and the person blurts out a confession before the police have an opportunity to deliver the warning. Therefore, it is critical that a person in custody does not answer the police/detective’s questions without having a lawyer present. This will ensure the individual’s rights under the Fifth Amendment are protected and they do not make any self-incriminating statements. Kansas divides crimes into two categories: felonies and misdemeanors. A felony crime can be defined as a crime that results in incarceration of one year or more in jail or prison (Wright, 2013). The state of Kansas has four types of felony convictions: drug felonies, non-drug felonies, off grid felonies and non-grid felonies. Drug felonies are related to the possession, use, manufacture, and the sale of illegal drugs. Off grid felonies, which frequently have a life time sentence, are typically related to murder and certain child sex crimes. While, non grid felonies are usually related to domestic battery or felony driving under the influence. Once the suspect is arrested, a defense attorney is assigned to the person if the individual cannot afford one. A defense attorney is a lawyer who advises, represents, and acts for the defendant in a legal proceeding or for the offender in post-conviction proceedings (Gale, 2002). A defense attorney appears with the defendant at the arraignment where the defendant will plead guilty, not guilty or no contest. If the defendant pleads not guilty, the defense attorney then represents his/her client during the various stages of the trial process. During the pre-trail stage, the defense counsel’s investigation should begin its own inquiry by interviewing witnesses,  obtaining police reports, and reviewing other documents. (Gale, 2002). Additionally, any exculpatory evidence that the prosecutor discovers which is helpful to the defendant must be given to the defense attorney. It is during this stage that the defense attorney assesses the strength of the prosecutor’s case and advises the client as to the possible outcomes. If it would be useful in the defense effort, the defense counsel could hire a private investigator in an effort to collect evidence in support of the case or to discredit elements of the prosecution’s case. While the defense attorney is collecting evidence to help the client from being convicted, the prosecutor initiates his/her own effort on the criminal actions against the alleged person who has committed the offense. A prosecutor can be defined as a lawyer employed by the state who seeks to obtain a conviction in a court against the defendant (Gale, 2002). After the police investigators have filed the paper work for the arrest, the prosecutor will review the paper work and apply the appropriate Kansas laws to determine if the person that has been arrested should be formally charged with a crime. Unfortunately, this period can last a few days, weeks, or months. The most serious crimes in Kansas, such has murder and terrorism, have no statute of limitations. Statutes of limitations are federal and state laws that set out time periods within which a certain type of civil or criminal action must be brought or the right to bring the action will be lost (Gale, 2002). This law is to ensure the defendant has a fair chance to rebut the claim. Since Kansas does not set a time period for murder and terrorism, this does not violate the due process of the Fourteenth Amendment. The prosecutor will continue to examine the files and he/she may contact the police and request that additional inquiries are conducted. During this time, it may be possible to convince the prosecutor not to file charges or to request a lesser charge. After a charge is filed, the number of court appearances may vary depending on the type of case. A court appearance can be defined as the act of coming to court to defend or prosecute a case and to enter an appearance to register with a court that a defendant intends to defend an action (Black, 2007). â€Å"The first court appearance is known as an arraignment in the state of Kansas. An arraignment is a hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case. When a court arraigns a person, the identity of the defendant is established, and the defendant is  informed of the charge and his or her constitutional and statutory rights. Bail can also be set at arraignment. The defendant is required to enter a plea, which distinguishes an arraignment from a defendant’s first appearance, where all other matters may be raised† (Gale, 2002). The arraignment process in felony cases cannot take place unless the prosecutor has prepared a written set of charges. In the state of Kansas, the prosecutor is required to convene a grand jury before charging a defendant with a serious crime. After the suspect is convicted of the crime, a sentencing process is started. On July 1, 1993, the Kansas Sentencing Guidelines Act was developed to assist in determining felony sentencing through a grid system. For this reason, Kansas law uses the following two primary factors to determine the punishment of a convicted felon: the severity level of the crime and the defendant’s criminal history. Sentencing is the penalty imposed by a court upon a person convicted of a crime. The types of sentences include capital punishment, imprisonment, fines, restitution, and probation (Gale, 2002). Since the 1980s, sentencing guidelines started utilizing a point system based on the criminal offense and the criminal history of the defendant. A higher number results in a more severe criminal sanction. Additionally, judges have little or no discretion to depart from these guidelines (Gale, 2002). Thus, sentencing guidelines that Kansas has established provide practitioners in the criminal justice system with an overview of presumptive felony sentences. The juncture of the severity level of the crime of conviction and the offender’s criminal history category is the presumed sentence (KSA, 2012). Once a person is convicted of a felony, either by pleading guilty or being found guilty at trial, the judge will order a pre-sentence investigation and receive a report from the probation office. This report will advise the judge of the severity level of the crime, which grid it is on, drug or non-drug, and the defendant’s criminal history. In Kansas, the sentencing grid is how the judge determines the sentencing of a felony conviction. Nevertheless, not all crimes will fit on the grid. Thus, the sentencing for those crimes is individually outlined by the legislature. The majority of the felony crimes in Kansas fall on the sentencing grid, where the criminal history and the severity level of the crime aid the judge in determining the sentence. Non-drug and drug are two grids on the sentencing range. The  non-drug grid contains ten severity levels of offenses that range from theft to rape and murder. A level one offense represents a significant transgression while a level ten represents the least serious of the crimes. The drug grid contains four levels of offenses encompassing possession, distribution, manufacturing and cultivation of controlled substances. Similar to the non-drug grid, a level one offense is a severe crime and a level four represents a minimum wrongdoing. After the judge or court reviews the drug or non drug grid, the next step is to look at the criminal history of the accused. Criminal history in Kansas is classified as â€Å"A† through â€Å"I†, depending on a person’s past criminal history (KSA, 2012). A criminal history score of â€Å"A† is the highest criminal history score and would likely be assigned to a person with three or more personal felonies. A criminal history score of â€Å"I† is the lowest criminal history score and would be allocated to an individual with only one misdemeanor conviction or no criminal history. Within each grid box there are three numbers which represent months of imprisonment. These three numbers provide the judge or court with a range for sentencing. The sentencing judge or court then has the discretion to sentence within these parameters. The middle number in the grid box is the average number that is intended to be the appropriate sentence time for a typical case. The upper and lower numbers should be used for cases involving aggravating or mitigating factors sufficient to warrant a departure. The sentencing judge or court may increase the length of a sentence up to double the duration within the grid box (KSA, 2012). The judge or court may also depart downward to lower the duration of a presumptive sentence. Moreover, the judge or court can impose a dispositional departure by electing to implement a sentence of prison to probation or probation to prison. Once the criminal history and the severity level of the offense are determined, the grids will dictate the sentencing range and disposition for the judge or court. For example, rape in Kansas is a severity level one felony. If the defendant has no prior criminal record, then the crime is punishable by 147, 155, or 165 months in prison. If the same crime was particularly cruel or violent, the judge may impose the aggravated sentence of 165 months in prison. A defendant with an â€Å"A† level criminal history who is convicted of a particularly brutal rape could face up to 653 months in prison. After the judge or court  has reviewed the grid and all the files for the case, sentencing can be deliberated. By Kansas law, judges or the court must impose a sentence shown in the appropriate grid box unless substantial and compelling reasons exist to depart from the sentences. The sentencing judge or court should consider all available alternatives in determining the appropriate sentence for each offender. The sentencing guidelines seek to establish equity among like offenders in similar case scenarios. Rehabilitative measures are still an integral part of the corrections process, and criminal justice professionals continue efforts to reestablish offenders within communities (KSA, 2012). The guidelines do not prohibit sentencing courts from departing from the prescribed sentence in atypical cases. The sentencing court is free to choose an appropriate sentence, or combination of sentences, for each case (KSA, 2012). In 2008, Kansas changed its sentencing guidelines by implementing a no downward dispositional departure for any crime of extreme sexual violence. A downward durational departure can be allowed for any crime of extreme sexual violence to no less than fifty percent of the center of the grid range of the sentence for such crime. Does the Kansas judge or court have to follow the guidelines in the grid box? The answer is no. The judge can deviate from the presumptive range within the box; however, in order for him/her to do so, there must be a substantial and compelling reason. This means, a specific fact should either illustrate that this case is either worse than typical for this type of crime, justifying a longer sentence, or better than typical for this kind of offense, justifying a shorter sentence. As long as the judge stays in the box, the sentence cannot be appealed. A conviction could be appealed, but not the sentence. Judges typically do not depart, either shorter or longer, unless both the prosecution and the defense agree that he/she should. In order for a judge to depart upward to a longer sentence than contained in the box, he/she must usually have a jury finding of the extraordinary fact justifying the longer sentence. In Kansas, the legislature has designated convictions as presumptive probation, presumptive prison, and border box. If a defendant is convicted of or pleads guilty to a presumptive probation offense, the legislature presumes that the defendant is entitled to a contract of probation. The defendant, on the other hand, could serve the underlying sentence if he/she violates the terms and  conditions of the probation contract. If a defendant is convicted of or pleads guilty to a presumptive prison offense, the legislature presumes that the defendant is not entitled to a contract of probation and must serve the underlying sentence. A defendant can avoid prison, only if, the court formally deviates from the sentencing guidelines by finding considerable and convincing reasons to grant probation. If a defendant is convicted of or pleads guilty to a border box offense, the legislature presumes that the defendant is not entitled to a contract of probation and must serve the underlying sentence. However, the court is allowed to grant probation at the request or agreement of the parties as long as the court is satisfied that a program is available to the defendant that will ensure community safety interests by promoting the defendant’s rehabilitation and reducing the likelihood of recidivism. There are special rules which could deprive a defendant of his/her presumption of probation and in turn can allow the judge to sentence him/her to prison. An example would be if the crime occurred while the defendant was already on probation or on bond for another crime. These special rules must be taken into consideration when determining what a judge might do at the time of sentencing. In conclusion, Kansas has established a concrete criminal law process that can be directly correlated to its own state legislation. The system provides reasonable and comprehensible guidelines for all to follow in the service of justice. The law is enforced to protect individuals; however, being aware of your fundamental rights is a personal responsibility. If you are stopped, questioned, arrested or searched by federal, state or local law enforcement officers, the most common approach should always be to ask for an attorney. Inevitably, the law is there to sustain the status quo, to protect property, vested rights, and established relationships. An ordered society cannot survive without some type of legal system, even if it is just one simple rule. In the end, the legal system is the only procedure which can guarantee that all human rights are respected. 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Saturday, November 9, 2019

Analyse the Role and Impact of Fiscal Policy

Traditionally, the Australian government has attempted to achieve its economic objectives through the implementation of macroeconomic policies especially fiscal policy (the budget). Fiscal policy (FP) is a macroeconomic management policy as it plays a critical role in influencing the level of aggregate demand (AD) in the economy. It aids the government in achieving its economic objectives, of managing and stabilising the business cycle so that the economy experiences internal balance (price stability & full employment), external stability (management of CAD, financing import expenses with export income and the ability to service our debt) and relatively stable economic growth. Graph Fiscal policy deals with the government’s use of government expenditure (G) and taxation (T) i. . the budget outcome to influence (AD) and resource allocation and income distribution. Fiscal policy is all about budgetary outcomes as they give an indication on the state of the economy; the 3 outcomes are neutral, expansionary and the government’s current contractionary stance where government revenue is greater than expenditure. A contractionary stance may be used to slow the rate of economic growth and aid in reducing inflationary pressures. Within the budget there is a cyclical and a structural component. The structural discretionary component is the deliberate change to government revenue and taxation and the cyclical non-discretionary component involves the changes to government spending caused by changes in economic activity. The budget has deteriorated significantly on the back of a strong Australian dollar (AUD), falling terms of trade, plateauing of the mining boom and subdued consumer confidence resulting in a budget deficit of $19. b for 2012-13 and is forecasted for a deficit of $18b for 2013-14. The first economic objective is economic growth which aims to increase real income and spread the benefits of the mining boom and increase income distribution. In this budget the government has taken up a mildly contractionary stance delaying its short term goal of a budget surplus as it balances its commitment to fiscal consolidation against possible weaknesses in economic activity, increased unemployment and a lack o f investment and growth. This stance allows the government to gradually service’s its debt and return to surplus by 2016-17 as it realises slowdowns in the economy as the mining boom has moved of its peak and has plateaued along with commodity prices. The end of the mining boom will see Australia move from mining back to the services sector where around 75% of labour is employed, this transition will see E. G grow below trend (3-4%) at 2. 75% in 2013-14 before returning to 3% by 2014-15. To ensure long term sustainable E. G the government will implemented key structural reforms like ‘GONSKI’ ($9. 8b), ‘NBN’ ($37. 4b), ‘NDIS’ ($14. 3b) and the National Building Program (NBP $24b). They aim to improve the nation’s productive capacity by boosting human capital, infrastructure capacity, labour productivity levels and reduce capacity constraints restraining allowing Australia to capitalise on growth in Asia. To fund these reforms the government has found $43b in savings over the next 4years and they include the abolition of the baby bonus ($4. b), increase in the Medicare levy ($11. 8b) and deferring income tax cuts ($1. 5b). By abolishing the baby bonus and the family tax benefits in the short run it leads to income inequality and a lower standard of living. Internal balance is another economic objective which looks at price stability by maintaining low inflationary pressures ensuring sustainable economic growth and full employment of the factors of production especially labour. The government’s planned return to surplus by 2016-17 can be achieved by adopting a contractionary stance by reducing (G) in (AD). By reducing (G) it helps keep demand pull inflation down keeping to the RBA’s target band of 3-4%, low inflation is beneficial for our external balance especially exports and also keeps E. G at sustainable levels. Two major government reforms are GONSKI which aims to improve educational and human capital levels and NDIS which looks to return the disabled into the workforce to increase employment levels. A gov’t instrument used to control internal balance and smooth out fluctuations in the business cycle are automatic stabilisers which are a cyclical component as it’s used according to various economic conditions. The two auto-stabilisers are progressive taxation meaning that when workers start earning more they move into higher tax brackets paying more tax and welfare payments which are handed out to the unemployed to help stimulate growth during a downturn in the business cycle, they are used to help the even distribution of income and improve our gini-coefficient. Graph The final objective is external balance which is the ability of Australia to manage the CAD by financing import costs with export revenue as well as paying off debt. As the CAD may be deemed unsustainable if it exceeds 5% of GDP which may lead to a debt trap, Australia’s debt to GDP ratio stands at 1. 3% significantly lower than other advanced nations. Australia’s persistent CAD’s is a result of our narrow export base as we as the structural problem of low domestic savings. A narrow export base contributes to our CAD as domestic industries esp. the manufacturing isn’t internationally competitive. To address this issue the government has taken to fiscal consolidation to attempt to increase national savings and reduce the savings investment gap as well as reduce inflationary pressures resulting in cheaper exports and reforms such as â€Å"NBN† and â€Å"NBP† look to reallocate resources to more efficient industries and improve out international competitiveness. These policies and reforms help increase savings and revenue hence reducing our reliance on foreign capital and investment will help reduce our foreign liabilities; however delaying the return to surplus means we have increased foreign liabilities and servicing costs. The govt’s mildly contractionary stance aims to achieve its economic objectives of sustainable growth, internal and external balances. Through new reforms they are able to boost economic activity, resource allocation and distribution of income. â€Å"GONSKI† aims at improving our nation’s productive capacity to capitalise on growth in Asia and provide long term sustainable growth. Resources reallocated into the â€Å"NBN† and â€Å"NBP† to increase productivity and international competitiveness as well as internal and external balances. The â€Å"NDIS† funded by the increased Medicare levy is an example of distribution of income. By delaying the return to surplus it doesn’t stall the economy as it goes through a transition period from mining to services, although the unemployment rate has risen to 5. 8% it still remains at low. However it does mean an increased CAD and external balance. So the 2013-14 budget has been effective in achieving the government’s economic objective.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

An Overlook of Sports Medicine Professor Ramos Blog

An Overlook of Sports Medicine What is sports medicine? Sports medicine is the study and practice of medical principles specifically related to athletes and individuals participating in physical fitness or sports training programs. The overall goal for sports medicine is to help athletes achieve outstanding health and any other type of training goals. In sports medicine, physicians treat a huge range of injuries and physical conditions, which includes small traumatic injuries like for example, dislocations, sprains and strains. They also can treat injuries cause by overuse of muscles such as tendinitis, degenerative diseases, and over training syndrome. The practice of sports medicine is all about medical education and specific principles of sports science, exercise physiology, orthopedics, bio mechanics, nutrition and even psychology. Education programs about sports medicine a pretty big rage of studies like sports injury prevention, sports training and athletic performance and sports injury treatment which includes   exercises and wor kouts, sports nutrition, and sports psychology.                         What are specialists? An individual who specialized education and training who focuses only on the medical, therapeutic, and functional aspects of exercise participation is a sports medicine specialist. They also work with athletes to improve their overall sports performance. A specialist doesnt always mean that they are a physician, there are so many different careers out there for people who are interested in working with athletes. Usually there are multiple different types of educated and specialized skill set   on any sports medicine team such as personal trainers, nutritionist, coaches, physical therapists, athletic trainers, etc. Theres various types of educational necessities when working in this field, depending on the specialization they may have doctoral degrees, bachelor degrees, or even all types of certificates in sports medicine, athletic training, sports science, nutrition, or another area of focus. What are physicians? Physicians are basically the people that diagnose and treat athletes, exercise and related injuries and illnesses. Even though physicians work with athletes they can also work with people that stay in shape and anybody who wants to come back to their regular activities after an injury. Usually what physicians do to become certified in their specialty is become board certified in family practice, emergency medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine, or orthopedics with an additional two year fellowship or other continuing education in sports medicine. Another good path that physicians usually take is take accomplishing added qualifications in sports medicine. Musculature and orthopedic injuries and surgical interventions is something that all physicians need to have a thorough understanding up because not every physician is required to perform surgeries but its a good thing to know. Primary care physicians usually go through the most schooling because most of them become sports medicine doctors and to do that they have to complete a three-year family medicine residency after medical school and then gain additional, specific training and experience in sports medicine. What is sports science? Sports science can also be known as exercise science. The principles of physiology, anatomy, and psychology and how they relate to human movement and physical activity is the main focus of sports science. Exercise science is all about the research on how our bodies adapt to the way we work out and how when we dont, what effect it has on the human body. This research mainly focuses on the opposites of our population so for example, athletes to regular people in our society, the young to the elderly, and the components that go on in our bodies to the components that go on inside our heads. what is Sports psychology? Sports psychology is a certain psychology that specifically focuses on the mental and emotional processes that happen in an athlete when participating in sports or any type of challenging physical activity. A sports psychologists number one goal is to become a necessity to their athletes. Its common for sports teams, professional or not to hire a sports psychologist on a regular basis to enhance their athlete way of thinking while performing. A sports psychologist is a very cherished profession because as we all know many athletes go under many stress that can cause troubles with anxiety and manipulate their focus. Say if an athlete is faced with an injury, a sports psychologist can be also helpful with their coping with that situation. Careers There are many job opportunities in fields related to sports medicine, those who pursue degrees in sports medicine or sports science commonly work through clinical, academic, or service employment. In the article, Highest Paying Exercise Science Sports Medicine Jobs,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Careers in sports medicine are considered clinical, meaning those working in this field are actual healthcare providers. For example, athletic training is officially recognized as an allied healthcare profession†(Corolla). People who have accomplished an associates degree have enough knowledge and skills to enter a career to be personal or even a group trainer. At the level of a bachelors degree graduates can look for jobs as athletic trainers, nutritionists and physical therapist assistant. And finally after earning a masters degree graduates can look for more complex positions as well as teaching and researching. In order to become a practicing sports medicine physician, an individual needs to obtain a degree as a medical doctor. Typically employment works with healthy athletes or even people who are active and dont necessarily play sports. The two major areas are usually who want to enhance their performance or injury prevention and recovery. Education A lot of schools are now offering a lot more opportunities for sports medicine. Not that long ago it would be really hard to study sports medicine in college because there wasnt that big of a selection. Back then a regular education plan for sports medicine would have been just studying physical education or medical school. Now universities all around have degree specifically for sports medicine such as athletic training, exercise science, health promotion, kinesiology, sports coaching, and a variety of other disciplines. A certified athletic trainer (ATC) is an individual who is highly skilled in athletic health care. To be a certified athletic trainer you have to take multiple tests that cover a variety of different subjects like Prevention of athletic injuries, Recognition, evaluation, and diagnosis, Immediate care and treatment of athletic injuries, Rehabilitation and reconditioning of athletic injuries, Healthcare administration, Professional development and responsibility. The future of sports medicine Sports medicine will continue to grow, as well as the variety of specialists in the field. As time goes on and technology enhances which results in research and innovation in medicine to grow, obviously it will be applied in the specific areas in sports medicine. Emerging areas that most likely will grow may include advances in diagnosing and treating injuries with newer devices and even rehabilitation modalities.â€Å"Data not only helps to analyze, create new strategies and thus boost players’ performance in the arena but can also monitor health state and warn about over straining† (The Medical Futurist). Millard-Stafford, Mindy L. â€Å"Sports Medicine.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 30 Dec. 2015, britannica.com/science/sports-medicine. Millard-Stafford, Mindy L. â€Å"Sports Medicine.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 30 Dec. 2015, britannica.com/science/sports-medicine. â€Å"Primary Care Sports Medicine Physician.† ExploreHealthCareers.org, explorehealthcareers.org/field/sports-medicine/. â€Å"Sports Medicine Fellowship at Overlook.† Chilton Medical Center Hospital in Pompton Plains, NJ Atlantic Health, atlantichealth.org/professionals-medical-education/fellowships/sports-medicine-fellowship-overlook.html. â€Å"Sports Medicine Professionals.† HealthyChildren.org, healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/Sports-Medicine-Professionals.aspx. â€Å"Sports Medicine.† ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, sciencedaily.com/terms/sports_medicine.htm.  

Monday, November 4, 2019

The airline industry in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The airline industry in the US - Essay Example The best examples are frequent flier program and customers brand loyalty. When customers cumulate their miles in the same airlines they can redeem their points to get some rewards. The industry has low-cost competitors and legacy carriers. Low-cost competitors like jet-blue, focus on the low-cost routes and point-to-point service. They have the diversity of routes in short distance which can increase their demand and increase their revenue. For legacy carriers, like Delta, they offer some international routes which cover large geographic areas and they also offer the better experience for customers. There are some ways to become more competitive. The companies in the airline industry need to provide the better quality of service. E-tickets are a good example since customers can check in online; it may be more convenient for them to take the aeroplane. Also, existing companies in the airline industry should lower their cost to gain more profits. The cost includes rent fee for the airp ort and the labour fee. Location is also a good way for them to become more competitive by offering flights for popular routes. Companies in airline industry should also attract customers from substitutes because customers are very price sensitive, thus the option for them to differentiate products is very limited. For example, if in short distance, customers would like to take cars and trains for travelling. Also for business customers that always go to other cities to meet with their clients or have the conference.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

American hegemony in the global economic system Essay

American hegemony in the global economic system - Essay Example By the start of 1970s, currents of change were detected in the global economic order, with nationalism and protectionism being replaced by neo-liberalism and free flow of capital. Even as American elites promoted this new economic order, the process was facilitated by respective participant elites from nations across the world. The irony lies in the fact that communist China was at the forefront of the global neo-liberal program, despite claiming its socialist credentials. If the ideological gates of the authoritarian and highly protectionist China could be broken open for free-market capitalism, then it was only a matter of time and strategy before other power bastions of the world are broken through. And this is precisely what had happened. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and the shift in policy framework of several developing countries, the nature and complexion of geo-economics has taken a different form. Needless to say, Americas position as the sole supe rpower has been strengthened by this change. The unsavory aspects of this sweeping change include â€Å"the appearance of a nearly feral form of entrepreneurship in which black marketers, drug barons, arms merchants, rackets bosses, Mafiosi, and other profiteers are emerging as the economic and political leaders of the social transformations underway in their respective societies.† (Buchanan, 2000, p.1) Before embarking on answering the essay question, understanding what neo-liberal globalization truly entails.

Thursday, October 31, 2019

A Study of How Donations to Non-Profit Organizations Contribute to the Thesis

A Study of How Donations to Non-Profit Organizations Contribute to the Financing of Terrorism - Thesis Example Such people have scant regard for human life and property and are prepared to go to any extent including using themselves in order to achieve their purpose. ‘Terrorism’, is often attributed to modern outfits that have adopted a covert approach to attacking governments and the general public in the quest for an idealistic cause, which has often resulted them in being banned and pursued after. Over the past 2 decades, the world has witnessed the rise of religious fundamentalism, which showcased its brutality with the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York. Terrorist organizations have sprung up all over the world, especially in the Islamic world. Governments all over the world have been grappling with terrorist attacks and have undertaken several initiatives across several fronts in order to contain and eliminate the menace of terrorism. One of the identified problems found to aid terrorists in their sustenance has been the issue of terror financing. Several pr ominent methods including Non-profit organizations, narcotics and stock markets have been identified as sources that have been exploited by terrorists to secure money for their activities. Among the known forms of funding, the issue of funding terrorism though charities has caused quite a storm, which generates an interest in identifying the ways in which terrorists have managed to exploit non-profit organizations for their purpose. The current paper is an attempt at highlighting the issue and explores the concept of such funding through charities from several perspectives. The world is gripped against the threat of terror and the recent years have seen a vast increase in the rise of terrorist organizations over many parts of the world. While some are based on religious faith, others have been formed as a result of armed struggle, territorial conflicts or otherwise. We live in an ear fueled by the

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Technical and Vocational Education Essay Example for Free

Technical and Vocational Education Essay Technical and Vocational Education through open learning trends, developments and issues from a local perspective Technical and Vocational subject areas in many countries seem to be locked to a particular frame work The framework that postulates that TVET is a subject area taught to persons who are academically challenged. It is the notion of many parents and by extension the society that TVET means a plain supplier of skilled labour to the workforce and is unable to be on the same plateau as those persons pursuing medicine or law. With growing concerns about TVET and the need to share the vision, that it is through TVET that most great inventions are arrived at. A new way of teaching and learning has been adopted and introduced in New Zealand ,it is called open learning. The changing world of work TVET policymakers believe that the infusion of open learning and TVET is indeed the way to move forward. Open learning is said to be embracing a new era in our world, one that is moving from the industrial to the knowledge age. Knowledge is said to be changing and there is an immense need for re-skilling and retooling of persons. According to the article avoidance of embracing this new type of learning could mean that one might be left on the way side of technology. Trends in distance vocational and technical education and training New Zealand has seen a shift in the work patterns in that there is a decrease in many of the traditional trade –related areas, while there is an increase in the service sectors and the social sciences. The vocational market is characterized by the need of various skilled persons that will require current competencies; therefore individuals are encouraged to keep abreast with current trends. One of the ways in which New Zealand tries to confront these issue is by introducing the open learning. It has been over emphasized in the article that the world of work is rapidly changing , hence there is the need to upgrade and be reskilled.. Increased participation Open learning in New Zealand has played a vital role in making TVET more accessible. It requires low cost structure for high volume courses. Even though the government of New Zealand has cut back on expenditure in TVET, there are companies who are injecting capital in the program to make it a possibility. Address the skills gap Like many counties New Zealand has generic skills gap, and this is evident at all levels of the work place. The generic gap includes literacy, numeracy, communication and interpersonal skills. It is believed that these generic skills are prerequisites to any sector of the workforce. Surveys were done showing that graduates are more often hired for their learning skills than their specific knowledge. Another key issue is that while many persons are employed in small companies there is little scope for training. There are other problems such as when an institution starts a programs which it deems as a necessity and the program fails due to low student enrollment for that specific course. An example of such a course was developed jointly with a Canadian provider. The course had to be discontinued after three years due to lack of student enrollment. Qualification In regards to qualifications it was stated that TVET(through open learning) is now offering a wide variety of courses, but this is with some amount of drawback as some of these new courses have very little â€Å"shelf life†. Staff patterns have to be changed in that facilitators have to be more flexible and be willing to move with the technological era, also the facilitator have to be more focused on the needs of the learner. The facilitator of TVET areas have to be credible even in their own work as open learning faces seamless challenges. The facilitators should have significant and ongoing staff development. Some of the issues outlined in the document included shortening of life knowledge, technology, Quality assurance, Co-operation and competition and the roles and impact of government policies. Conclusion Open learning is an avenue that is presenting both teacher and learner a new flexible way of sending and receiving information. Although the union between open learning and TVET has challenges it is embracing the use of technology to present traditional vocational areas in a way that is now accepted by the government and other shareholders. One support for the open learning is the postal system which is very efficient. Open learning also boast its ability to provide quality output which was once limited to studying on traditional campuses. One of the greatest set back to the system is the role of the government in the whole process. Students have been facing undue pressure since the government has been a lot of cutbacks. Open learning is proving that it is the way to enter into the technological sphere. It is flexible, it reinforces , it fosters independent learning, while providing immediate transfer of skills.